Free Essays on Joan Of ARC

Joan of Arc At a young age she began to hear â€Å"voices†- those of St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret. When she was about 16, the voices exhorted her to bear aid to the king to be. Joan won the aid of Robert de Baudricourt, captain of the king forces in Vaucouleurs in obtaining an interview with the dauphin. She made the journey in male attire with six companions. When she met the king to be she conquered his skepticism as to her divine mission. Theologians at Poitiers examined her, and afterward Charles furnished her with troops. Her leadership provided spirit more than military help. In May 1429, she succeeded in raising the siege of Orleans, and in June she took other English posts on to other places and defeated the English at Patay. After a lot of persuasion the dauphin agreed to be crowned at Reims. Joan stood near him at his coronation. In September 1429 Joan unsuccessfully overtook paris. The following spring she went to let Compiegne go, but she was captured by the Burgundians and sold to the English who were eager to destroy her influence by putting her to death. Charles VII made no attempt to secure her freedom. In order to escape responsibility, the English turned her over to the ecclesiastical court at Rouen. She was tried for heresy and witchcraft before Pierre Cauchon. Her most serious crime was the claim of direct inspiration from God. In the eyes of the court this refusal to accept the church hierarchy constituted heresy. Throughout the long trial and imprisonment she fought her enemies. Only at the end of the trial did she repent. She was condemned to life imprisonment. Shortly afterward she took back her apology and was turned over to the secular court as a heretic and was burned at the stake on May 30, 1431 in Rouen. Charles VII made late recognition of her services by a rehabilitation trial in 1456 that annulled the proceedings of the original trial. Joan was beatified in 1909 and canonized i... Free Essays on Joan of Arc Free Essays on Joan of Arc Two Page Monograph about Joan of Arc When Joan of Arc is mentioned as a person, most people think of her accomplishments as a woman. While it’s true that most women at the time of Joan of Arc enjoyed less freedom and important roles then of girls of today, much of her importance was not because of her acting out of her role. Her fame was because of her role at the end of the Hundred Years War and the crowning of Charles VII. Joan grew up in France and grew up through the war. She started hearing voices at the age of 13. She stated that they had only told her to attend church and pray more. After a year or two the started telling her she must help the future king of France be crowned. HE had to be crowned at Reims by tradition, but at the time the English controlled it. If Joan did not purse these voices, the English would crown Henry VI when he was old enough. Joan then left her parents without telling them, and convinced the King of her mission. She was given an army who started the siege of Orleans, the first step to getting to Reims. She conquered, won, and the King was crowned. Shortly after her success started going downhill. She was captured in a town Compiegne when the drawbridge was raised. Her army had closed the gates to hastily, and she was left outside. She was arrested and n tried by the English court. She was found guilty, and was sentenced to burn at the stake. She was not charged with being a warrior or a woman. In fact, it was not uncommon for some women to fight in battles. In the poorer villages women often fought alongside their husbands as a necessity. Often their jobs were pouring hot oil and ashes on the attackers. It was because she had told the courts that she could talk to God, that she was killed. She was found to be heretical which was against the laws to be anything but the Kings religion at that time. Her sentenced was carried out. A peasant girl, her death was not glorified or honored. Due to he... Free Essays on Joan of Arc Joan of Arc At a young age she began to hear â€Å"voices†- those of St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret. When she was about 16, the voices exhorted her to bear aid to the king to be. Joan won the aid of Robert de Baudricourt, captain of the king forces in Vaucouleurs in obtaining an interview with the dauphin. She made the journey in male attire with six companions. When she met the king to be she conquered his skepticism as to her divine mission. Theologians at Poitiers examined her, and afterward Charles furnished her with troops. Her leadership provided spirit more than military help. In May 1429, she succeeded in raising the siege of Orleans, and in June she took other English posts on to other places and defeated the English at Patay. After a lot of persuasion the dauphin agreed to be crowned at Reims. Joan stood near him at his coronation. In September 1429 Joan unsuccessfully overtook paris. The following spring she went to let Compiegne go, but she was captured by the Burgundians and sold to the English who were eager to destroy her influence by putting her to death. Charles VII made no attempt to secure her freedom. In order to escape responsibility, the English turned her over to the ecclesiastical court at Rouen. She was tried for heresy and witchcraft before Pierre Cauchon. Her most serious crime was the claim of direct inspiration from God. In the eyes of the court this refusal to accept the church hierarchy constituted heresy. Throughout the long trial and imprisonment she fought her enemies. Only at the end of the trial did she repent. She was condemned to life imprisonment. Shortly afterward she took back her apology and was turned over to the secular court as a heretic and was burned at the stake on May 30, 1431 in Rouen. Charles VII made late recognition of her services by a rehabilitation trial in 1456 that annulled the proceedings of the original trial. Joan was beatified in 1909 and canonized i... Free Essays on Joan Of ARC Joan of Arc Patriots, supporters of women’s rights, and even people who study the supernatural, admire Joan of Arc.(1world book) Not only is Joan admired by many, but she made significant contributions to history in three distinct areas: Joan ended the 100-year war between France and England, she showed the world that women could make a difference, and promoted the Catholic religion. First off, in the 15th century France was at a low point in its history, a war that seemed never ending between England, it was called the 100-year war. (2 Book) Joan of Arc, a simple peasant’s daughter, rose up against England, and helped France to overcome England’s claim to France’s throne. She claimed that she could hear voices telling her that she was the savior of France, and it was up to her to take up arms. Totally convinced that these voices were from God she joined the French army disguised as a man. She was sent by god to lead them to victory, she said. Just be sure you are right with God, attack, and victory will be yours. (3book) With this French knights fought behind this crazed woman. After considerable amounts of bloodshed, France reclaimed its title to the throne. Being the first woman ever to fight in the French army Joan of Arc proved that women could make a significant difference. Many may not believe this but Joan was one of the primary figures for women’s rights. Joan was very successful at taking command of an entire army and continuously leading them to victory. At first Joan disguised herself as a man, it was unheard of for a woman to fight in battle let alone be a commander of an army. She was injured during a battle and discovered to be a woman by the doctor examining her To his great surprise he found out his leader wasn’t a man but a courageous woman. From then on, people looked at Joan of Arc differently, but still trusted her with their lives. Finally Joan promoted the Catholic religion, w...

10 Lead Element Facts (Pb or Atomic Number 82)

10 Lead Element Facts (Pb or Atomic Number 82) Lead is a heavy metal you encounter in everyday life in solder, stained glass windows, and possibly your drinking water. Here are 10 lead element facts. Fast Facts: Lead Element Name: LeadElement Symbol: PbAtomic Number: 82Atomic Weight: 207.2Element Category: Basic Metal or Post-Transition MetalAppearance: Lead is a metallic gray solid at room temperature.Electron Configuration:  [Xe] 4f14  5d10  6s2  6p2Oxidation State: The most common oxidation state is 2, followed by 4. The 3, 1, 1-, 2-, and 4- states also occur. Interesting Lead Element Facts Lead has atomic number 82, which means each lead atom has 82 protons. This is the highest atomic number for the stable elements. Natural lead consists of a mixture of 4 stable isotopes, although radioisotopes also exist. The element name lead comes from the Anglo-Saxon word for the metal.  Its chemical symbol is Pb, which is based on the word plumbum, the old Latin name for lead.Lead is a considered a basic metal or post-transition metal. It is a shiny blue-white metal when freshly cut, but oxidizes to a dull gray in air. It is a shiny chrome-silver when melted. While lead is dense, ductile, and malleable like many other metals, several of its properties are not what one would consider metallic. For example, the metal has a low melting point (327.46  oC)  and is a poor conductor of electricity.Lead is one of the metals that was known to ancient man. It is sometimes called the first metal (although the ancients also knew gold silver, and other metals). Alchemists associated the metal with the planet Saturn and quested for a way to transmute lead into gold. Over half the lead produced today is used in lead-acid car batteries. While lead does occur (rarely) in nature in its pure form, most of the lead produced today comes from recycled batteries. Lead is found in the mineral galena (PbS) and ores of copper, zinc, and silver.  Lead is highly toxic. The element primarily affects the central nervous system. It is particularly dangerous to babies and children, where lead exposure can stunt development. Lead is a cumulative poison. Unlike many toxins, there really is no safe exposure level to lead, even though it is present in many common materials.Lead is the only metal which exhibits zero Thomson effect. In other words, when an electrical current is passed through a sample of lead, heat is neither absorbed nor released.While modern scientists can readily distinguish most elements, it used to be difficult to tell lead and tin apart because the two metals share so many similar properties. So, for a long time the two elements were considered to be different forms of the same metal. The ancient Romans referred to lead as plumbum nigrum, which means black lead. They called tin plumbum candidum, which means bright lead. Wood pencils have never actually contained lead, even though lead is soft enough it could be used for writing. Pencil lead is a type of graphite the Romans called  plumbago, which means act for lead. The name stuck, even though the two materials are different. Lead is, however, related to graphite. Graphite is a form or allotrope of carbon. Lead belongs to the carbon family of elements.There are countless uses for lead. Because of its high corrosion resistance, the ancient Romans used it for plumbing. While this sounds like a dangerous practice, hard water forms scale inside pipes, lessening exposure to the toxic element. Even in modern times, lead solder has been common for welding plumbing fixtures. Lead has been added to gasoline to reduce engine knock, to face paints and paints used for toys and buildings, and even in cosmetics and foods (in the past) to add a sweet flavor. It is used to make stained glass, leaded crystal, fishing sinkers, radiation shields, bullets, scuba weig hts, roofing, ballasts, and statues. While once common as a paint additive and pesticide, lead compounds are less commonly used now because of their lingering toxicity. The sweet taste of the compounds makes them attractive to children and pets. The abundance of lead in the Earths crust is  14 parts per million by weight. The abundance in the solar system is  10 parts per billion by weight.

Malaysian Banks Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Malaysian Banks - Term Paper Example One of the most premiere cases where it is not shariah compliant that it most incur loss and gains in the house or business regardless of circumstances. A notable case was noted when an individual went to the Bank and said he cannot pay, but the bank refused to sell his house. This is completely against shariah in which the bank must split the loss. Hence, the concept of shariah finance is extremely hard because each country wants some revenue when it comes to financial securities. For the sake of assurance, most banks sugarcoat this with hidden fees and even charge a higher interest rate that are usually hidden in original clause terms. The concept of ‘service fee’ is highly demised because it is a vague term that all Malaysian banks utilized. Before understanding this issue, it is cognizant to understand the elements that surround Islamic Banking. Without a doubt, the Islamic law dictates that the asset must not be a ribawi material or in the medium exchange of gold, not silver. Additionally, a contract between two or more parties to accumulate in partnership. HSBC Malaysian bank also is one of these banks that is not shariah approved because of this issue. Another bank that is not confirm with the shariah standards is the fact Citibank Malaysia. Citibank Malaysia also offers these instruments along with the JP Morgan Malaysia Ltd. These banks financial statements dictate that these credit statements must be approved the counsel that is Shariah Compliant. Schroders Malaysia  is also under the same scrutiny as they sell bonds and other financial instruments that charge an interest rate and are not compatible with equal loss or gain since all payments for purchases are made in money. It is clear that not all banks have the understanding to conduct shariah and even do have an approval, tend to look for their own understanding of financial security. Additionally, the banks make it very clear in clause and terms that

Foreign policy issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foreign policy issue - Essay Example It became USA’s foreign concern as it holds the mandate to safeguard world peace with its permanent status at the United Nation Security Council States. The major concern of the United States government is the chemical weapon aspect. In a survey by special united nation chemical weapon department, it was evident Syria is involved in chemical warfare. As part of the united nation resolution, the country had to intervene. The stability of Syria will ensure a step forward towards war on terrorism as the instability creates a breading ground for terrorist, this is evident in other countries including Somalia where the civil war has resulted to emergence of Alshabaab a terror militant group allied to the al-Qaida (Global Research, 2013). Any security threat to the world usually affects the USA, which has been under threat of terrorist and other attacks since their entrance in Afghanistan and Iraq. In ensuring world peace, potential threats must be dealt with in accordance to the signed agreements of the United Nation Security Council signatories. As the interference with matters in Syria, the states government has elicit mixed reaction and brushed shoulders with countries in Asia and Eastern Europe. Russia and Turkey, according to CNN(2013) has termed USA planned invention to the Syrian state as disrespectful. The main problem with the upraising is that USA has had to leave with the fear of breaking ties with its allies and conflict between them and Russia. Domestically there has been divided opinion on measures to take while tackling the Syrian issues. The opposition had voted and suggested for military intervention towards the Syrian matter, which the democrats suggests for a diplomatic approach. With the threat of chemical warfare, there is need for actions in regards to the Syrian issues, as its impact is always catastrophic as was the case of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. While seeking a permanent

Steel Plant EAF Electrical System :: essays research papers

The modern steel plant receives low current, high voltage power from the generators of the electrical utility company. The purpose of the steel plant primary transformer is to step-down this voltage. The transformer thus provides high current, low voltage power for the EAF furnace. Large furnaces with transformers rated at 100MVA or higher is not uncommon. There are usually two stages to this process. The transformer first steps-down the voltage from high to medium levels. There are different standards for a â€Å"medium-level voltage† in different countries; usually between 30 to 33 kV for Europe and Japan, but for the USA it is usually 34.5 kV. Finally, a heavy duty furnace transformer powers the EAF. This special furnace transformer is designed to allow the electric arc to operate within the desired current and voltage range. To safeguard the EAF electrical system from the primary power supply are two types of switches: a vacuum switch and a motorized disconnect switch. These two switches are designed to isolate the EAF electrical system from the primary transformer in case of an emergency. Other electrical systems around the EAF are the delta closure, the power cables, the current conduction arm, and the electrode holders. The power cables provide a connection between the delta closure and the current conducting arm. It is usually made of copper wires, with a rubber water jacket around the outside for water-cooling the cables. The power cable is connected with the current conducting arm, usually made of copper clad steel or aluminum alloys. This system weighs a lot less than the old bus-bar design that a lot of the older furnaces used. The current conducting arm conducts current directly from the power cable to the electrode holders. The electrode holders must withstand thermal cycling (not so much for our furnace, since our furnace should have a continuous feed) and severe mechanical loading and wear due to vibrations, torsion forces and such.

Challenges of Hong Kong Essay

Topic: Challenges of Hong Kong’s full service airlines facing today This essay examines the challenges faced by Hong Kong’s full service airlines nowadays. Air transportation serves not only to encourage trade and growth in the tourism industry in Hong Kong, but also to improve people’s mobility and to form a modern society. In this essay, full service airline is defined as traditional airline that provides services such as allocated seat, transfer of baggage between flights, blankets and meals. Full service airlines suffer several challenges in the aspect of production cost for developing advanced system and competition with low-cost airlines nowadays. For this reason, I would like to investigate the challenges in depth according to the above aspects and figure out possible solutions. Challenge 1: Low-cost airline invasion In recent years, the airline industry has undergone a revolution caused by the growth in population of low-cost carriers, which are airlines that provide discounted fares and no-frills service to passengers, and the increase in the number of low-cost carriers caused a huge growth in departure and arrival of regional airports and established a brand new market in short-break tourism. While low-cost airlines are gaining an increased market share within the industry, the full-service airlines are struggling. Numbers of full-service airlines are on the edge of bankruptcy, and some even had to sign agreements or mergers to ensure their long-run existence. To compete with the no-frills airlines, some full service airlines had set up their own low-cost subsidiary, but a few of them ended up in operational losses, forced to sell their subsidiary. Pels (2008) describes full service airlines as aiming to offer ‘quality’, whereas no-frills carriers aim to keep costs low. He states that although it may be difficult for low-cost airlines to earn money on ticket sales, they may gain profit on board by selling snacks and beverages, and from the airports depart from or land on. Moreover, most low-cost airlines promote themselves for their transparency in the pricing system, thus keeping air travel remarkably affordable, despite the high cost of jet fuel. As low-fare airlines ‘invades’ the airline industry, full service airlines will not only encounter fare pressure, but will also have to progressively  fight with the upstarts for takeoff, landing slots and gate space in Hong Kong or other crowded airports in Asia. In order to encounter this challenge, the airline should emphasize on the services it provides, and focus on improving their flights operations both in the air and on the ground, utilizing optimum flight management procedures and providing customers with sustainable products and services, in order to compete with the rising trend of low-cost airlines. Challenge 2: Managing destinations Full service airlines use the Hub and Spoke System, which enables passengers to travel from one smaller city to another smaller city via a hub or even two hubs. This system not only service more cities at a lower cost, but also maximizes passenger loads, thus saving fuels. Low-cost airlines use ‘simple’ point-to-point networks, as they operate routes which originate or end at a major airport, which allows them to enter any market they see fit. Thus, if the route turns out to be unprofitable, the low-cost carrier will close it down. According to Pels (2008), full service airlines cannot easily withdraw from a market, even if it is hardly profitable, because a full-service carrier’s link between a hub airport and spoke airport serves many different indirect markets. If this route is closed because of the decrease in load factor due to competition on the market between the hub airports and spoke airports, passengers and profits, in all other markets using this link a re lost. According to a survey by the Company Barclaycard, a relatively large number of the business travellers (71%) used low-cost airlines for business trips. This indicates that passenger preferences may be shifting to low-cost, less service airlines. The low-cost carrier attracts passengers from the full-service airlines, thus causes competition and reduces load factors and profits for the full-service airlines. In order to solve this problem, full-service airlines can offer more low-fare tickets on short-haul routes, and use short-haul routes as feeders for the global markets where they make most profits. Even though the competition for indirect travellers is very intense, they will allow conventional airlines to maintain a large network with relatively high frequencies. Challenge 3: Investment on the advanced technology With the rapid development in advanced technologies and popular use in mobile gadgets, reserving a seat on the plane is just one click ahead. Simply by browsing the website of their desired airline, customers will be able to get all the relevant information they will need to plan their trip, including the list of fares in specific dates and allocation of the seats on the aircraft. In addition, systems like automatic airport check-ins and ticketless air travel are getting more popular, and will be the future trends in the airline industry. Therefore, in order to provide the passengers accessibility in online reservations and to build up the image of a green airline, investments are needed to be made on improving the systems. Acknowledging the numerous benefits provided by the internet, airlines have been investing resources in their websites. Standing (2000) claimed that the Web has changed from pushing firms and services to pulling clients into value-added opportunities that a company provides. Airlines do not only compete among each other, they also compete with online travel agents such as Expedia. Thus, to solve this challenge, the airlines should entice travellers to book their trips via the airline’s website, by providing extra benefits to customers when they purchase online. Conclusion To summarize, the challenges that full service airlines in Hong Kong faced are the rising of low-cost airlines, the managing of destinations and huge investments made on developing and improving the systems for reservation and check-ins. It is crucial for airlines to understand that when passengers purchase an airline seat, they are not just paying for a seat in the aircraft; they also purchase the service behind. In order to attract a consumer’s attention, benefits or attributes of using full service airlines and low cost carriers such as price, safety, network connections, and service will be important. REFERENCES: Cooper C. and et al. (1999) Tourism: Principles and Practice, 2nd ed., Longman Publishing: Harlow. Driver, J. (1999). Developments in airline marketing practice. Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science, 5 (5), 134–150. Law, R. & Leung, R. (2000). A Study of Airlines’ Online Reservation Services on the Internet. Journal of Travel Research, 39 (2), 202-211. Moiseiwitsch, J. (2012). Budget airlines find Hong Kong a tough market to crack. In South China Morning Post. Retrieved November 6, 2014 from http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1404255/budget-airlines-find-hong-kong-tough-market-crack Pels, E. (2008). Airline network competition: Full-service airlines, low-cost airlines and long-haul markets. Research in Transportation Economics, 24 (1), 68-74. Sigala M. (2003) The Information and Communication Technologies Productivity Impact on the UK Hotel Sector, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 23(10), 1224-45. Wang, J. & Lee, S. (2014). Asia’s Budget Airline Invasion. In Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved November 6, 2014 from http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-02-13/asias-budget-airline-invasion-cathay-pacific-defends-hong-kong

What Is and Is Not a Chemical

A chemical is any substance consisting of  matter. This includes any liquid, solid, or gas. A chemical is any pure substance  (an element) or any mixture (a solution, compound, or gas). They can either occur naturally or can be created artificially. What Is Not a Chemical? If anything made of matter is made up of chemicals, which means that only phenomena that arent made of matter are not chemicals: Energy is not a chemical. Light, heat, and sound are not chemicals—nor are thoughts, dreams, gravity, or magnetism. Examples of Naturally-Occurring Chemicals Naturally-occurring chemicals can be solid, liquid, or gas. Naturally occurring solids, liquids, or gases may be made up of individual elements or may contain many elements in the form of molecules. Gases: Oxygen and nitrogen are naturally-occurring gases. Together, they make up most of the air we breathe. Hydrogen is the most common naturally-occurring gas in the universe.Liquids: Perhaps the most important naturally-occurring liquid in the universe is water.  Made up of hydrogen and oxygen, water behaves differently from most other liquids because it expands when frozen. This natural chemical behavior has had a profound effect on the geology, geography, and biology of Earth and (almost certainly) other planets.Solids: Any solid object found in the natural world is made up of chemicals. Plant fibers, animal bones, rocks, and soil are all made up of chemicals. Some minerals, such as copper and zinc, are made entirely from one element. Granite, on the other hand, is an example of an igneous rock thats made up of multiple elements. Examples of Artificially Made Chemicals Human beings probably began combining chemicals before recorded history. About 5,000 years ago, we know that people began combining metals (copper and tin) to create a strong, malleable metal called bronze. The invention of bronze was a major event, as it made it possible to form a huge range of new tools, weapons, and armor. Bronze is an alloy (a combination of multiple metals and other elements), and alloys have become a staple of construction and trade. Over the past few hundred years, many different combinations of elements have resulted in the creation of stainless steel, lightweight aluminum, foils, and other very useful products. Artificial chemical compounds have transformed the food industry. Combinations of elements have made it possible to preserve and flavor food inexpensively. Chemicals are also employed to create a range of textures from crunchy to chewy to smooth. Artificial chemical compounds have also had a profound impact on the pharmaceutical industry. By combining active and inactive chemicals in pills, researchers and pharmacists are able to create the medicines required to treat a wide variety of disorders. Chemicals in Our Daily Lives We tend to think of chemicals as being undesirable and unnatural additions to our food and air. In fact, chemicals make up all of our foods as well as the air we breathe. However, some chemical compounds added to natural foods or gases can cause significant problems. For example, a chemical compound called MSG (monosodium glutamate) is often added to food to improve its flavor.  MSG, however, can trigger headaches and other adverse negative reactions. And while chemical preservatives make it possible to keep food on the shelves without spoiling, some preservatives, such as nitrates, have been found to have carcinogenic (cancer-causing) properties, especially when overused.